Comprehensive Biology Notes
Imaginal disc in the drosophila blastoderm A group of undifferentiated cells that will develop into particular adult tissues and organs. Immunoglobulins (igs) Specialized proteins (antibodies) secreted by b cells that …
Haldane’s rule Common observation that among the offspring of crosses between two species, one sex is sterile, absent, or rare. Often, male hybrids are sterile and female hybrids are fertile. …
Gain-of-function mutation A mutation that confers a new property on a protein, causing a new phenotype. Gamete Mature reproductive cell that is specialized for sexual fusion. Each gamete is haploid …
Facultative heterochromatin Chromatin that may become condensed and therefore transcriptionally inactive in certain cell types, at different developmental stages, or in one member of a homologous chromosome pair. Familial trait …
Effective population size The effective number of adults contributing gametes to the next generation. Effector A small molecule involved in controlling expression of a regulated gene or the activity of …
Dark repair An enzyme-catalyzed process for removal of thymine dimers from DNA and synthesis of a new DNA segment complementary to the undamaged strand. Darwinian fitness (w) The relative reproductive …
cAMP (cyclic AMP) Adenosine 3’, 5’ monophosphate; an intracellular regulatory molecule involved in controlling gene expression and some other processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cancer Disease characterized by the …
Back mutation A point mutation in a mutant allele that changes it back to a wild-type allele. Also called reversion. Bacteria Prokaryotes Micro-organisms that constitute one of the three main …
Acrocentric chromosome: A chromosome with the centromere near one end such that it has one long arm plus a stalk and a satellite. Activators: The major class of transcription regulatory …
Acrocentric chromosome A chromosome with the centromere near one end such that it has one long arm plus a stalk and a satellite. Activators The major class of transcription regulatory …
